cheatsheet setup debian
setup
ssh
Note
allow only public key access
network
interfaces
https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/ifupdown-ng/interfaces.5.en.html
check interface
define static address nano /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug ens18
#iface ens18 inet dhcp
iface ens18 inet static
address 10.0.0.50/8
gateway 10.0.0.1
# dns-nameservers 10.0.0.10
# This is an autoconfigured IPv6 interface
iface ens18 inet6 auto
reload interface
motd
https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_2.3/fhs-2.3.html#SRVDATAFORSERVICESPROVIDEDBYSYSTEM
Requirements The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, are required in /.
Directory Description bin Essential command binaries boot Static files of the boot loader dev Device files etc Host-specific system configuration lib Essential shared libraries and kernel modules media Mount point for removeable media mnt Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily opt Add-on application software packages sbin Essential system binaries srv Data for services provided by this system tmp Temporary files usr Secondary hierarchy var Variable data Each directory listed above is specified in detail in separate subsections below. /usr and /var each have a complete section in this document due to the complexity of those directories.
Requirements There must be no subdirectories in /bin.
The following commands, or symbolic links to commands, are required in /bin.
Command Description cat Utility to concatenate files to standard output chgrp Utility to change file group ownership chmod Utility to change file access permissions chown Utility to change file owner and group cp Utility to copy files and directories date Utility to print or set the system data and time dd Utility to convert and copy a file df Utility to report filesystem disk space usage dmesg Utility to print or control the kernel message buffer echo Utility to display a line of text false Utility to do nothing, unsuccessfully hostname Utility to show or set the system's host name kill Utility to send signals to processes ln Utility to make links between files login Utility to begin a session on the system ls Utility to list directory contents mkdir Utility to make directories mknod Utility to make block or character special files more Utility to page through text mount Utility to mount a filesystem mv Utility to move/rename files ps Utility to report process status pwd Utility to print name of current working directory rm Utility to remove files or directories rmdir Utility to remove empty directories sed The `sed' stream editor sh The Bourne command shell stty Utility to change and print terminal line settings su Utility to change user ID sync Utility to flush filesystem buffers true Utility to do nothing, successfully umount Utility to unmount file systems uname Utility to print system information If /bin/sh is not a true Bourne shell, it must be a hard or symbolic link to the real shell command.
The [ and test commands must be placed together in either /bin or /usr/bin.
Tip Rationale
For example bash behaves differently when called as sh or bash. The use of a symbolic link also allows users to easily see that /bin/sh is not a true Bourne shell.
Specific Options The following programs, or symbolic links to programs, must be in /bin if the corresponding subsystem is installed:
Command Description csh The C shell (optional) ed The `ed' editor (optional) tar The tar archiving utility (optional) cpio The cpio archiving utility (optional) gzip The GNU compression utility (optional) gunzip The GNU uncompression utility (optional) zcat The GNU uncompression utility (optional) netstat The network statistics utility (optional) ping The ICMP network test utility (optional) If the gunzip and zcat programs exist, they must be symbolic or hard links to gzip. /bin/csh may be a symbolic link to /bin/tcsh or /usr/bin/tcsh.
Tip Rationale
The tar, gzip and cpio commands have been added to make restoration of a system possible (provided that / is intact).
Conversely, if no restoration from the root partition is ever expected, then these binaries might be omitted (e.g., a ROM chip root, mounting /usr through NFS). If restoration of a system is planned through the network, then ftp or tftp (along with everything necessary to get an ftp connection) must be available on the root partition.
Specific Options The following directories, or symbolic links to directories must be in /etc, if the corresponding subsystem is installed:
Directory Description opt Configuration for /opt The following files, or symbolic links to files, must be in /etc if the corresponding subsystem is installed: [6]
File Description csh.login Systemwide initialization file for C shell logins (optional) exports NFS filesystem access control list (optional) fstab Static information about filesystems (optional) ftpusers FTP daemon user access control list (optional) gateways File which lists gateways for routed (optional) gettydefs Speed and terminal settings used by getty (optional) group User group file (optional) host.conf Resolver configuration file (optional) hosts Static information about host names (optional) hosts.allow Host access file for TCP wrappers (optional) hosts.deny Host access file for TCP wrappers (optional) hosts.equiv List of trusted hosts for rlogin, rsh, rcp (optional) hosts.lpd List of trusted hosts for lpd (optional) inetd.conf Configuration file for inetd (optional) inittab Configuration file for init (optional) issue Pre-login message and identification file (optional) ld.so.conf List of extra directories to search for shared libraries (optional) motd Post-login message of the day file (optional) mtab Dynamic information about filesystems (optional) mtools.conf Configuration file for mtools (optional) networks Static information about network names (optional) passwd The password file (optional) printcap The lpd printer capability database (optional) profile Systemwide initialization file for sh shell logins (optional) protocols IP protocol listing (optional) resolv.conf Resolver configuration file (optional) rpc RPC protocol listing (optional) securetty TTY access control for root login (optional) services Port names for network services (optional) shells Pathnames of valid login shells (optional) syslog.conf Configuration file for syslogd (optional) mtab does not fit the static nature of /etc: it is excepted for historical reasons. [7]
fstab
ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid lsblk -lf nano /etc/fstab UUID=XXXXXXXXXXXXX ext4 auto 0 0
fqdn
dns stuff
reverse lookup
logs
disk
link: unix filesystem
list disk
by id or uuid
ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/ ls -al /dev/disk/by-id/
by sdX
list all mounted disk
for mounted and unmounted
NO DAILY USE
format disk
new hdd
if alreaady formatted and mounted
umount /dev/<disk>
lsof <mountpoint> # if umount doesnt work bc target is busy then ...
kill PID # normally its bc of finder
mkfs.<filesystem> /dev/<disk>
mkdir /mnt/<dir>
mount /dev/<disk> /mnt/<dir>
repair disk
when disk cant be mounted or disk is corrputed
calculate disk space
will sort the folders by size. Helpful when looking to clear space..
used when human-readable mode
copy
copy files from local drive to external drive
copy on block level
rename
system
install & delete app
preparation
apt
search
apt-cache search <package>
apt-cache search <package> | less
apt-cache search .
apt search <package>
install
apt install <package>
apt --install-recommends install
--no-install-recommends
apt --install-suggest install
--no-install-suggests
dpkg -i <>.deb
reinstall
remove
dpkg
does not install any depencies
does install depencies
Install
sudo dpkg -i
Remove
sudo dpkg -r
Purge
sudo dpkg -P
dpkg -l | grep -v '^ii' sudo dpkg --remove paketname
sudo apt --fix-broken install
appimage
download file
rename dir
if destination dir doesn't exist, source dir will get renamed
os version
firmware
debian 12 has fwupd-service for updating firmware of connected devices. awesome!
peripherals
lsusb lspci
ui/ux
change mousecursor
Note
debian
Folder with cursor.theme und index.theme in it has to be in /usr/share/icons
Afterwards in Tweaks (apt install gnome-tweaks) under Appearance > Cursor choose your cursor
gui installation
ip addr show
ip link set
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
sudo apt install firmware-linux-nonfree
sudo apt install nivida-driver